Exploring the future of ecological genomics: Integrating CTA with vision assessment

Interactive approaches to technology development provide opportunities for the development of innovative technologies which clearly connect with social practices and address the positive and negative effects as perceived by relevant actors. The challenge is to start an interactive approach early in the development of new technologies, when many options are still open for exploration and there are good possibilities for steering. Early involvement of societal actors is, however, challenged by the absence of concrete applications on which they can develop their own visions from the perspective of their own needs, interests, norms and values. Integrating Constructive Technology Assessment (CTA) with vision assessment is proposed as an approach to overcome this dilemma in the field of ecological genomics and bridge the knowledge gap between parties closely involved with ecogenomics research and other relevant actors. We present, evaluate and discuss the process of identifying guiding visions of the technology developers as a first step in this approach and end with some suggestions on how desirable futures for ecogenomics can subsequently be assessed from the perspectives of different actors.     

Why don't we observe improvements in consumption smoothing as countries get more financially integrated: Bridging theory and empirics

This study provides suggestive theoretical and empirical evidence that the productivity shock correlation between a country and the rest of the world may help explain why we do not observe more consumption smoothing as countries have become more financially liberalized.     

基于负债的中小企业经营策略

由于我国金融市场体系不健全和中小企业自身的原因,中小企业在发展过程中仍面临着较多问题,尤其资金短缺成为制约中小企业发展的瓶颈,负债更成为维持中小企业发展的一条捷径。中小企业应充分结合自身的特点、所在的外部融资环境、融资成本以及企业对资金的需求等要素,进行适度负债经营,选择适合自己的筹资方式,有效利用负债经营的有益之处,最大限度地提高经济效益。     

Valuing the non-timber forest products in the Mediterranean region

The potential of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) in the Mediterranean region as a source of livelihood and sustainable development has been widely recognized. Yet, surprisingly few efforts have been made to value them comprehensively. Valuation efforts usually focused on selected NTFPs traded on formal markets, at local level. This paper aims to provide comprehensive estimates of NTFPs benefits at national and regional level in the Mediterranean region. Six major groups of NTFPs are identified: firewood, cork, fodder, mushrooms, honey and other NTFPs. Valuation is based on a wide variety of techniques, drawing on official statistics, and supplemented by results of local surveys. It shows that at Mediterranean level, NTFPs provide annual benefits of about €39/ha of forests, accounting for about a fourth of the total economic value of forests estimated by this study. The average estimate for southern countries (€54/ha) is considerably higher than for northern (€41/ha) and eastern countries (€20/ha). The paper reveals the degree of importance of the main NTFPs benefits for the country groups and the region as a whole. It also discusses some reasons of concern when drawing policy tools for improving rural income and forest conservation in the Mediterranean.     

从方法论角度看旅游卫星账户TSA(2001)的方法属性

旅游卫星账户(TSA)是国际上进行旅游核算的一种新的统计方法.本文研究探讨了联合国旅游卫星账户--TSA(2001)的方法属性,从而得出这种方法可能需要改进的结论.     

Megatrends as perceived in Turkey in comparison to Austria and Germany

Countries and companies use foresight studies to manage uncertainty. Environmental scanning and trend analyses are important tools for identifying and monitoring change. Trend analysis requires more than simply extrapolating to the future. The content of communication serves as the basis of inference so those trends could be explored.This research uses an interdisciplinary approach combining media content analysis and factor analysis to discover many ways Turkey and the world may restructure and what the new society may look like as perceived by the individuals who participated in the survey. It determines six types of individuals in Turkey with different personal attitudes towards megatrends. Similarities and dissimilarities with previous studies in Austria and Germany are identified and discussed.     

Etzioni versus Becker: Do Moral Sentiments differ from Ordinary Tastes?

There are two competing definitions of economics. One, exemplified in Etzioni's work, stipulates that economics is the study of one kind of ends, the pursuit of material benefits (welfare). This definition entails that material ends are incommensurable with moral ends. The other, expressed in Becker's work, registers that economics is the analysis of one aspect of all ends, optimization. This definition implies that material and moral ends are commensurable. The paper finds that each definition has its own shortcomings. The paper outlines an alternative view, illustrated by the difference between gifts and grants, which promises to supplant the shortcomings of each definition.     

区域创新体系中的知识流动及其政策涵义

知识创造、知识流动和知识扩散是区域创新体系的几个重要环节。本文着重分析了知识流的原因和方式，对我国不同区域创新体系内知识流动的特点，以及区域间知识流动的原因和方式进行了研究分析。最后指出，知识流动越来越成为一种有组织的活动，政府可通过促进知识向落后地区的流动，提高落后地区的创新能力。     

400MHz高速数据采集系统的设计与实现

介绍了一种用ECL逻辑和TTL逻辑器件构成的高速数据采集系统，采样频率为400MHz。系统实现简单，工作稳定。对系统进行的性能测试表明其有效位数为6位以上，满足实际应用的需要，适用于高速数字信号处理领域。     

国外基于射频标识技术的战场识别系统发展现状

介绍了射频标识（RF Tag）技术的基本原理、在战场目标识别领域的应用及部分验证试验的情况。